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The bacterial species primarily associated with tetanus is Clostridium tetani. This organism is an anaerobic, gram-positive bacillus that produces spores and is commonly found in soil, dust, and animal feces. When these spores enter the human body—typically through wounds or punctures—they can produce a potent neurotoxin known as tetanospasmin. This toxin disrupts normal muscle contraction, leading to the characteristic muscle rigidity and spasms associated with tetanus. The disease can result in severe complications and even death if not appropriately treated, making awareness of its causative agent crucial for prevention and management in medical care.

Other options presented include bacterial species that are responsible for different diseases. Clostridium botulinum is associated with botulism, a different type of food poisoning caused by another neurotoxin. Clostridium perfringens is known for causing gas gangrene and foodborne illness, while Bacillus cereus is linked to food poisoning and rarely to more severe infections. These distinctions emphasize the specific association of Clostridium tetani with tetanus.